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ADHD Medications – What Are the Side Effects? Many people with ADHD take medication for the condition. It can ease symptoms but it can also trigger side effects. If you experience side effects, talk to your GP about them. Stimulants are the most common type of prescription medication healthcare doctors prescribe for ADHD. medication for adult adhd increase the levels of brain chemicals referred to as neurotransmitters, that regulate the attention span and behavior. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate, a stimulant of first choice for treating ADHD in adults and children is the most frequently prescribed medication. It works by increasing activity in the parts of the brain that assist control attention and behaviour. Methylphenidate may also be used to treat other conditions like narcolepsy. It can aid people suffering from Narcolepsy to remain awake and improve their ability to focus and pay attention. This medication has a very high potential for abuse and is classified as a Schedule II drug in the US Drug Enforcement Agency. If you take this medication as prescribed can reduce the potential for abuse and other side effects. Methylphenidate can trigger psychotic symptoms in certain people. It may also worsen the behavior and tics of those with Tourette's syndrome or bipolar disorder. Before taking this medication, people with these conditions should consult their doctor. It is essential to inform your doctor if there are any other health concerns or are allergic to any foods or dyes (such as tartrazine, a yellow dye that is found in processed foods and some medications or if you're taking Adhansia XR). Methylphenidate is a drug that can interact with other medications, including opioids, antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, like isocarboxazid (Marplan) and linezolid (Zyvox), methylene blue, phenelzine (Nardil), rasagiline (Azilect), selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar), or tranylcypromine (Parnate). It's also important to stay clear of alcohol and other stimulant drugs when taking methylphenidate. These medications can affect your heart rate and blood pressure. The methylphenidate tablets that are immediate-release (Ritalin), the long-acting oral disintegrating capsule and chewable tablet (Quillichew-ER and Cotempla-XR -ODT) and the chewable tablets that have a long-acting action (Quillichew-ER and Cotempla XR-ODT), contain Phenylalanine. This could be dangerous in the case of a genetic disorder known as phenylketonuria occurs. Bupropion Bupropion is an antidepressant drug that works within the brain to improve mood and decrease symptoms of ADHD. It can also be used to treat depression and seasonal depression (SAD) which is a condition that occurs during the fall-winter months. It is also used to aid smokers in quitting by reducing cravings for nicotine and withdrawal symptoms. Bupropion has been found to improve ADHD symptoms in adults in several studies. The pooled fixed-effect RR for week-6 improvement (using a clinically significant change of 30 percent or more on a CGI scale) is 1.14 (95% 95% confidence interval 0.95 to 1.37) and, for overall response, the proportion of better subjects was 52% in the bupropion group, compared to 37 percent in the placebo group. Bupropion could cause serious and life-threatening interactions when taken together with other drugs. These include antidepressants and sedatives as well as some blood pressure medications. It may also increase the risk of having seizures in people with an history of seizures or high blood pressure. It is not recommended in certain medical conditions, and women who are pregnant or nursing are not advised to take it. Bupropion is a form of brand-name drugs Wellbutrin SR and Wellbutrin XL. It is also available in the form of Zyban, Budeprion SR. Aplenzin and Forfivo XL. It is also available as a generic drug. Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic antidepressants (abbreviated TCAs) are a group of medications that affect the brain's chemical. They were one of the first antidepressants to be that were developed, and though they are no longer a first-line treatment for depression, they can still be effective in some people with other disorders. They block the reuptakes of dopamine as well as serotonin, thereby increasing their levels of availability in neurons. They are also helpful in easing a variety of other disorders, including pain syndromes and enuresis, such as fibromyalgia and phantom leg syndrome. TCAs are effective for ADHD symptoms, regardless of whether they are prescribed alone or in combination with stimulants. They can reduce the severity of ADHD symptoms and reduce anxiety, depression, and impulsiveness. They can also aid in managing tics. These are uncontrollable repetitive movements or sounds such as blinking or throat clearing. TCAs can cause side effects such as dry mouth and sedation, and increase the risk of developing cardiovascular problems. These drugs can negatively interact with other medications, such as anticholinergics and should never be taken by pregnant women. They are also known to be teratogenic in animals, and can cross the placenta. Talk to your doctor if you're concerned. There are antidepressants that are more recent that have a lower risk of adverse effects. Selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) The SSRIs are antidepressants. They consist of a class of medications that inhibit serotonin reuptake by neurons and aid in increasing the amount of serotonin available to signal. They also decrease anxiety and impulsive behavior. They are used to treat adhd as they can assist some sufferers with their symptoms and work well in conjunction with other drugs. Examples of SSRIs include paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline and citalopram. They exhibit linear pharmacokinetics and have a low clearance from the body, but they are extensively metabolized the liver by CYP450 enzymes. This causes variable blood concentrations. These medications are also prescribed to treat other disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and generalized anxiety disorder, and bulimia nervosa. The SSRIs fluoxetine, escitalopram, and sertraline are able to reduce PTSD fundamental symptoms. They aren't effective in treating other PTSD symptoms. SSRIs can cause a rare side effect called sexual dysfunction. It is crucial to discuss this with your physician if you are thinking about taking one of these medications. Many people need to test various types of ADHD medication before they find the one that is suitable for them. There are always new medications being developed and tested. It is important to disclose all the medications you are taking to your healthcare provider. Selective norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) If stimulant drugs aren't effective for adults suffering from ADHD doctors typically prescribe an antidepressant called a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). These drugs increase levels of norepinephrine, and serotonin two brain chemical substances. They also improve mood and reduce depression and anxiety. SNRIs have similar side effects to TCAs however, they are more secure. They are used to treat many conditions, including anxiety disorders and chronic pain, such as fibromyalgia or nerve pain. Sometimes, they are used to treat depression, too. Examples of SNRIs are duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor). They work by preventing the absorption (reuptake) of norepinephrine which is a natural reaction in the brain after neurotransmission. This causes a greater than normal release of norepinephrine in a phasic manner. The increased levels of norepinephrine enhances mood and focus. The SNRIs haven't been approved by the FDA for treating ADHD, but some doctors prescribe them as an alternative stimulant. They are most often taken orally as pills but they can also be used as liquids or patches. In April 2021, the FDA approved an oral SNRI called viloxazine (Qelbree) to treat ADHD in kids and adolescents. It is not a controlled drug since it doesn't have the potential to be abused. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) SNRIs are antidepressants which affect the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. They are prescribed for anxiety and depression, but also aid in the management of ADHD symptoms. Several studies have shown that SNRI drugs, such as duloxetine and venlafaxine can dramatically reduce the score of various ADHD questionnaires. SNRIs can raise blood pressure or interact with certain medications. Therefore, it is essential to consult a physician before taking these medications. Additionally, improperly handled medication could cause harm to people and animals. It is therefore essential to follow the correct disposal guidelines. SSRIs or SNRIs haven't been approved by the FDA to treat ADHD However, doctors may prescribe them off-label. They are safe, effective, and have fewer side effects than stimulants. Consult your doctor and discuss the symptoms of your child. SNRIs can increase the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine however they aren't suitable for everyone. Women who are nursing or pregnant should stay clear of taking SNRIs as they may be passed through breast milk. People with high blood pressure or liver issues should not be taking these drugs, either, because they could increase the risk of cardiovascular issues. Selective dopamine reuptake inhibitors (DARPIs) Many people who suffer from ADHD find that medication helps increase their focus and concentration. They may also experience less impulse-driven behaviors. The medication is often combined with behavioral therapy and training to help individuals learn how to manage their symptoms. Finding the appropriate medication for each person requires time. In this process, doctors observe physical reactions to find the right balance of benefits and adverse effects. Drugs that stimulate the brain, like methylphenidate can increase the activity of a specific brain chemical that control memory and concentration. They are generally safe and effective for the majority of people, however, they may cause serious side consequences, such as decreased appetite and difficulty sleeping. These side effects typically disappear after a couple of days as your body adjusts to the medication. Children and adults can also take non-stimulant medications. They may take longer to take effect however they can help improve impulse control and concentration. They may include alpha-2 adrenergic agonists (atomoxetine, viloxazine) and guanfacine hydrochloride. Antidepressants also help treat ADHD. They can boost the neurotransmitter norepinephrine in the brain and assist with impulsive behavior and depression. Bupropion, an antidepressant has been used to treat ADHD. It was initially prescribed “off-label” for ADHD but the drug companies eventually developed extended-release versions and the FDA approved the drug as a treatment for this disorder.